Myopathy (근육병) is a group of diseases causing muscle weakness and motor dysfunction due to structural or functional abnormalities in muscle fibers, classified as rare and intractable diseases. This article provides guidance on the main symptoms, causes, diagnosis, management methods, and medication guidelines for myopathy based on official materials.

Definition and Causes of Myopathy

Myopathy is a disease originating from the muscles themselves, divided into genetic (e.g., muscular dystrophy) and acquired (inflammatory, metabolic) types. Genetic types result from abnormalities in muscle protein synthesis, while acquired types are triggered by infections, drugs, or autoimmune reactions. Accurate causes vary by patient, making early diagnosis crucial.

Main Symptoms

Myopathy symptoms progress gradually, with the following being common:

• Weakness in proximal muscles (thighs, shoulders), making it difficult to climb stairs or lift arms.
• Muscle pain, cramps, and fatigue.
• Delayed muscle soreness after exercise or muscle hypertrophy/atrophy.

In children, delayed walking or frequent falls may occur. If symptoms persist, visit a neurologist or muscle specialist.

Diagnosis Methods

Diagnosis involves blood tests (checking elevated CK enzyme levels), electromyography (EMG), and muscle biopsy. Genetic testing for suspected hereditary types and autoantibody tests for inflammatory types are added. MRI or ultrasound observes muscle changes. Differential diagnosis excludes neuropathies and others.

Daily Management Methods

Myopathy management aims to alleviate symptoms and delay progression:

• Regular physical therapy and exercise (low-intensity aerobics, strength training).
• Balanced nutrition (protein, vitamin D supplementation).
• Weight management and use of assistive devices.
• Infection prevention (vaccinations, hygiene).

Genetic counseling is recommended if there’s family history. Lifestyle improvements can enhance quality of life.

Medication and Treatment Guidelines

Treatment medications vary by type; steroids or immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate) for inflammatory myopathy, and symptomatic relief agents (e.g., creatine) for genetic types. When taking medication, adhere to:

• Dosage and duration as prescribed by the doctor.
• Monitoring for side effects (liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal issues).
• Regular blood tests to confirm efficacy and safety.

Avoid self-medication; consult before changing drugs. Treatment cost support may be available under rare disease policies, but check official sites for details.

Common Misconceptions and Precautions

Myopathy is often mistaken for simple fatigue, but persistent cases require specialist care. Overexertion can worsen it, so proceed under physical therapist guidance. Avoid excessive supplements, track progress with regular check-ups. Consult before pregnancy or surgery.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if myopathy symptoms suddenly worsen?

Visit the hospital emergently and check for infections or drug side effects.

What daily exercises are good?

Low-intensity swimming or walking, starting under expert guidance.

Precautions during medication?

Stop immediately if side effects occur and report to the doctor; regularize liver function tests.

Is genetic counseling necessary for hereditary myopathy?

Yes, genetic testing can assess risk.

Is nutritional supplementation essential?

Vitamin D and protein help, but varies individually.

Must-Check Items Before Managing Myopathy

Before managing myopathy, directly verify the following on official government or public institution websites:

• Whether your symptoms meet myopathy diagnosis criteria.
• Current year’s treatment guidelines and medication protocols.
• Allowed management methods (exercise, nutrition standards).
• Regular check-up cycles and monitoring items.
• Latest policy changes (may vary by year).

Use this checklist to start systematic management.

Next Steps for Ongoing Myopathy Management

After myopathy diagnosis, establish physical therapy and medication plans. Track status with regular outpatient visits and reconfirm latest guidelines via official materials. Educate family and improve lifestyle for long-term care. All information is for reference; personalized consultation is recommended.